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Bubble Dynamics of a Single Condensing Vapor Bubble from Vertically Heated Wall in Subcooled Pool Boiling System: Experimental Measurements and CFD Simulations
Arijit A. Ganguli,Aniruddha B. Pandit,Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
International Journal of Chemical Engineering , 2012, DOI: 10.1155/2012/712986
Abstract: Bubble dynamics of a single condensing vapor bubble in a subcooled pool boiling system with a centrally heated cylindrical tank has been studied in the Rayleigh number range 7 . 9 × 1 0 1 2 < R a < 1 . 8 8 × 1 0 1 3 . The heat source in the system is steam condensing inside a vertical tube. The tube was placed in the center of the tank (300？mm i.d., 300？mm height) which is well filled with water. Experimental investigation has been carried out with High Speed Camera while Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) investigation has been performed using Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. The heat source has been modeled using simple heat balance. The rise behavior of condensing bubbles (change in size during rise and path tracking) was studied and the CFD model was validated both quantitatively and qualitatively. 1. Introduction Pool boiling is a complex nonlinear dynamic process. The microscopic aspects of boiling process, for example, embryo nucleation and surface roughness determine its nature largely. The microscopic effects eventually exhibit in a macroscopic behavior. Further, boiling is a highly stochastic process and the precise prediction of the location and time of the generation, collapse, coalescence is difficult with the present status of knowledge. The condensation of bubbles in subcooled boiling systems is extremely important for studying the hydrodynamics during subcooled pool boiling. The simple reason for this is that condensation changes the shape and size of the bubbles. When a bubble is formed at the interstitial site in the case of nucleate boiling the bubble grows to a certain diameter and then departs from the interstitial site. As the bubble departs from the nucleation site, it tends to slide along the hot surface and detaches from the surface. The bubble then does not necessarily follow a straight path but moves near or away from the wall. In addition to experimental investigations, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is useful to obtain better understanding of bubble dynamics. Experimental investigations on dynamics of single vapor bubbles condensing in a subcooled boiling liquid have been carried out by Voloshko and Vurgaft [1] and an analytical model was developed. The authors found the relation between the dynamics of vapor bubble during condensation and intensity of heat exchange at vapor bubble interface. Bubble dynamics of vapor bubbles in subcooled liquids have been investigated (both experimentally and numerically) by researchers [2–9]. Numerical investigations using volume of fluid (VOF) method have been recently carried out by
Effect of Sintering Temperatures on the Synthesis of SnO
Bharat G. Pawar,Dipak V. Pinjari,Sanjay S. Kolekar,Aniruddha B. Pandit
ISRN Chemical Engineering , 2012, DOI: 10.5402/2012/954869
Abstract:
Effect of Sintering Temperatures on the Synthesis of Nanospheres
Bharat G. Pawar,Dipak V. Pinjari,Sanjay S. Kolekar,Aniruddha B. Pandit,Sung H. Han
ISRN Chemical Engineering , 2012, DOI: 10.5402/2012/954869
Abstract: In this communication we report the rapid nanostructure of SnO2 with a spherical morphology which has been prepared in large scale via sol-gel method. The products were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, FTIR, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The strong photoluminescence of the nanosphere in visible region suggested possible application in nanoscaled optoelectronic devices. A possible growth mechanism for the SnO2 nanosphere in terms of solvation, hydrolysis, and polymerization was proposed. 1. Introduction Nanometer-sized materials have recently attracted a considerable amount of attention due to their unique electrical, physical, chemical, and magnetic properties as well as their potential for technological applications [1]. Semiconductor nanoparticles have been extensively studied from both experimental and theoretical views—points owing to their potential application in solar energy conversion, photocatalysis, and optoelectronic industry [2]. Tin oxide (SnO2), a n-type semiconductor with a wide band gap (3.6？eV, at 300？K), is well known for its potential applications in gas sensors, dye sensitized solar cells, and transparent conducting electrodes and as a catalyst support [3, 4]. Therefore, many processes have been proposed to synthesize SnO2 nanostructures; some involve dry processes such as sputtering from tin oxide target [5] or from metallic target followed by oxidation [6] and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [7], while others are based on wet processes, including spray pyrolysis [8] and sol-gel-related methods which have been used to prepare tin oxide coating, particles, and precipitates [9–15]. One of the most widely used, solution-based nanoparticle synthesis methods is the sol-gel process which involves the evolution of an inorganic network, known as sol, from certain precursor material and consequent gelation of this inorganic network to form ordered three-dimensional gel structure. The next step in the process is the destruction of the evolved gel, thus, resulting in the formation of nanocrystalline material [16]. The sol-gel process is widely used for manufacturing nanoparticles of different metal oxide materials like SnO2 [17, 18], TiO2 [19], ZnO [20, 21], and SiO2 [22]. Amongst various methods, sol-gel process is a relatively novel process for the preparation of functional material that needs precise microstructural control in order to satisfy desired properties [23]. Sol-gel method has advantage of low cost and does not need complicated equipments and could
Prevalence of Coccidiosis in Cattle in Kashmir valley
B. A. Pandit
Vet Scan , 2009,
Abstract: Nine hundred seventy one cattle calves under two different managemental practices were screened for different eimerian oocysts, out of which 711 were found to be positive for Eimeria parasites. 70.7% and 75.8% of calves from organized and un-organized managements were found to harbour Eimeria infection, respectively. The species identified included: Eimeria bovis, E. zuernii, E. bukidnonensis, E. subsphrica, E. auburnensis, E. ellipsodalis, E. Canadensis and E. cylindrica among which. Eimeria zuernii and E. bovis were most predominant species.
Spatial relationship between flavoprotein fluorescence and the hemodynamic response in the primary visual cortex of alert macaque monkeys
Yevgeniy B. Sirotin,Aniruddha Das
Frontiers in Neuroenergetics , 2010, DOI: 10.3389/fnene.2010.00006
Abstract: Flavoprotein fluorescence imaging (FFI) is a novel intrinsic optical signal that is steadily gaining ground as a valuable imaging tool in neuroscience research due to its closer relationship with local metabolism relative to the more commonly used hemodynamic signals. We have developed a technique for FFI imaging in the primary visual cortex (V1) of alert monkeys. Due to the nature of neurovascular coupling, hemodynamic signals are known to spread beyond the locus of metabolic activity. To determine whether FFI signals could provide a more focal measure of cortical activity in alert animals, we compared FFI and hemodynamic point spreads (i.e. responses to a minimal visual stimulus) and functional mapping signals over V1 in macaques performing simple fixation tasks. FFI responses were biphasic, with an early and focal fluorescence increase followed by a delayed and spatially broader fluorescence decrease. As expected, the early fluorescence increase, indicating increased local oxidative metabolism, was somewhat narrower than the simultaneously observed hemodynamic response. However, the later FFI decrease was broader than the hemodynamic response and started prior to the cessation of visual stimulation suggesting different mechanisms underlying the two phases of the fluorescence signal. FFI mapping signals were free of vascular artifacts and comparable in amplitude to hemodynamic mapping signals. These results indicate that the FFI response may be a more local and direct indicator of cortical metabolism than the hemodynamic response in alert animals.
Tests for Two-Sample Location Problem Based on Subsample Quantiles  [PDF]
Parameshwar V. Pandit, Savitha Kumari, S. B. Javali
Open Journal of Statistics (OJS) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/ojs.2014.41007
Abstract:

This paper presents a new class of test procedures for two-sample location problem based on subsample quantiles. The class includes Mann-Whitney test as a special case. The asymptotic normality of the class of tests proposed is established. The asymptotic relative performance of the proposed class of test with respect to the optimal member of Xie and Priebe (2000) is studied in terms of Pitman efficiency for various underlying distributions.

Occupational correlates of smoking among urban transit operators: A prospective study
Carol B Cunradi, Rob Lipton, Aniruddha Banerjee
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy , 2007, DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-2-36
Abstract: The sample consists of 654 San Francisco Municipal Railway (MUNI) transit operators who participated in two occupational health studies and biennial medical examinations during 1983–85 and 1993–95. Workers who had initiated, increased, or maintained their smoking over the ten year period were compared to workers who remained non-smokers. Occupational factors included self-rated frequency of job problems (e.g., difficulties with equipment, passengers, traffic), job burnout (i.e., the emotional exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory), time needed to unwind after work, and years employed as a transit operator. A series of logistic regression models were developed to estimate the contribution of occupational factors to smoking behavior over time.Approximately 35% of the workers increased, initiated, or maintained their smoking over the ten-year period. Frequency of job problems was significantly associated with likelihood of smoking increase, initiation, or maintenance (OR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.09, 1.55). Black operators were significantly more likely to have smoked over the ten-year period compared to operators in other racial/ethnic groups.Understanding the role of work-related stress vis-à-vis smoking behavior is of critical importance for crafting workplace smoking prevention and cessation interventions that are applicable to blue-collar work settings, and for developing policies that mitigate occupational stress.Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S. [1]. Although rates of cigarette smoking have declined over the past decades, the rates of decline have varied by gender, ethnicity, and occupational status [2], resulting in significant tobacco-related health disparities [3]. Workers in blue-collar and service occupations, for example, continue to smoke at higher rates than workers in white-collar and professional occupations [4-6]. Evidence for the occupational gap in smoking rates is illustrated by a comparison of data from the 1978–8
MULTIPLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL TO PREDICT RISK FACTORS OF ORAL HEALTH DISEASES
Shivalingappa B. Javali,Parameshwar V. Pandit
Revista Roman？ de Statistic？ , 2012,
Abstract: Purpose: To analysis the dependence of oral health diseases i.e. dental caries and periodontal disease on considering the number of risk factors through the applications of logistic regression model. Method: The cross sectional study involves a systematic random sample of 1760 permanent dentition aged between 18-40 years in Dharwad, Karnataka, India. Dharwad is situated in North Karnataka. The mean age was 34.26±7.28. The risk factors of dental caries and periodontal disease were established by multiple logistic regression model using SPSS statistical software. Results: The factors like frequency of brushing, timings of cleaning teeth and type of toothpastes are significant persistent predictors of dental caries and periodontal disease. The log likelihood value of full model is –1013.1364 and Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) is 1.1752 as compared to reduced regression model are -1019.8106 and 1.1748 respectively for dental caries. But, the log likelihood value of full model is –1085.7876 and AIC is 1.2577 followed by reduced regression model are -1019.8106 and 1.1748 respectively for periodontal disease. The area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for the dental caries is 0.7509 (full model) and 0.7447 (reduced model); the ROC for the periodontal disease is 0.6128 (full model) and 0.5821 (reduced model). Conclusions: The frequency of brushing, timings of cleaning teeth and type of toothpastes are main signifi cant risk factors of dental caries and periodontal disease. The fitting performance of reduced logistic regression model is slightly a better fit as compared to full logistic regression model in identifying the these risk factors for both dichotomous dental caries and periodontal disease.
In silico Identification of Cell Surface Antigens in Neisseria meningitidis
a Dilip Gore*,b Reecha Pandit
Biomirror , 2011,
Abstract: Neisseria meningitidis is responsible for the endemic situations worldwide. Several strains developed resistance for ciprofloxacin and undoubtedly situation is alarming and asks for the vaccination along with therapeutic approach. In our study, we have attempted to search for the cell surface antigens by employing the concept of reverse vaccinology in search for better vaccine leads. N. meningitidis genome was searched for putative lipoproteins and cell wall anchored proteins using SignalP 3.0, LipoP 1.0, TMHMM and FUZZPRO servers. In total, 142 proteins were sorted as vaccine candidates based on predicted properties of lipoproteins and cell wall anchored proteins. Study showcased a methodology for searching potent vaccine leads which could be involved further in vaccine development.
Epithelioid sarcoma of the upper extremity (a case report).
Bhama B,Dhir R,Pandit A
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine , 1987,
Abstract:
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